Therapeutic Approaches
What Is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)?
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a structured, collaborative psychotherapy approach that explores the reciprocal relationship between thoughts, emotions, physical responses and behaviour.
A short and clear definition
CBT — what is it?
CBT focuses on identifying patterns of thinking and behaviour that may maintain a difficulty. It is not about forcing positive thoughts, but examining how realistic, helpful and flexible thoughts are.
Sessions may use everyday examples, emotion and behaviour records, behavioural experiments or small between-session practices. Each tool is selected according to individual needs and shared goals.
Assessment context
In which situations may it be considered?
The suitability of the approach is considered together in light of personal needs, safety and consultation goals.
- Anxiety and persistent worry cycles
- Exam or performance anxiety
- Avoidance and procrastination patterns
- Specific phobias and fears
- Low mood and difficulties with daily functioning
Process
How does the CBT process unfold?
- 01
Introduction and assessment
Current difficulties, life context and possible maintaining cycles are mapped together.
- 02
Defining goals
Specific, observable and personally meaningful goals are agreed together.
- 03
Therapeutic process
Thought and behaviour patterns are explored through small, safe practices in sessions and daily life.
- 04
Review
Helpful skills, difficulties and changes in goals are reviewed regularly.
Frequently asked questions
Common questions about CBT
What concerns can be addressed with CBT?
CBT may be considered for patterns related to anxiety, avoidance, procrastination, specific fears, low mood and stress. Suitability depends on individual assessment.
Is CBT only about changing thoughts?
No. CBT considers the relationship between emotions, physical responses, behaviour, environmental conditions and thoughts.
Is there homework in CBT?
Observation tasks or small practices may sometimes be suggested between sessions. They are not tests, and their feasibility is discussed together.
How long does CBT take?
Duration varies with the reason for seeking support, goals, session frequency and individual needs. Progress is reviewed regularly.
Can CBT be provided online?
Many CBT practices can be adapted to online sessions. Personal suitability, privacy and technical conditions are considered initially.
When to consider support
When might professional support be worth considering?
Support may be useful when worry, avoidance or procrastination persist and noticeably affect school, work, relationships or daily responsibilities.